ES 105 Essay Example

ES 105 Paper The radioactive fuel of earth is U, Th, K The early Earths atmosphere was mostly made of CO2, water, and hydrogen sulfide. Relative to the age of the earth, the fraction of time that humans have existed is 0.04% Early heating of the earth:1. formed the core and mantle2. metled iron and some nickel3. led to the formation of the magnetic field4. occurred soon after planetary formation5. (ALL OF THE ABOVE) all of the above Early life on earth:1. began in the oceans2. dates back to at least 3.8 billion years3. was one-celled bacteria and algae4. thrived near sea floor plate boundaries 5. (ALL OF THE ABOVE) 5. (ALL OF THE ABOVE) Humans on Earth1. as genus homo date back to 2.5 million years, species homo sapien 40,000 years2. did not have a population of about 1 billion until the year 18303. emerged during the Ice Age4. settled the Americas during the last 15,0005. all of the above 5. (ALL OF THE ABOVE) The current human population is over 7 billion Earths early atmosphere was derived from volcanoes The core of the earth is principally composed of iron + nickel The convecting zone of a partial melt in the mantle is termed the aesthenosphere The oldest life forms on planet earth include (name one) algae (2.2 b.y ago) The oldest rocks within the continents date back to ___ billion years 4 billion Island arcs result from convergence of two ocean plates? T/F True subduction zone earthquakes range in depth from shallow at the trench to several hundred kilometers beneath the overriding plate T/F True Ocean crust is oldest at the ocean ridges and becomes progressively younger the distance from the ridge T/F False The longest mountain range of the earth is mostly underwater T/F True Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges True The present site of the Ural mountains represents the demise of a long lost ocean True A _______ plate boundary is one marked by volcanism, compressional deformation and an inclined zone of earthquakes convergent A ________ plate boundary is one marked by volcanoism, extension and shallow earthquakes divergent The Mediterranean is a remnant of the _____sea Tethys Ocean Volcanic islands above subduction zones have arcuate trends because the earth is ____________ round Continents and island arcs grow in size at zones of subduction by the dual process of ________ and accretion volcanoism the wedge of sediments accumulating off shore of a rifted continental margin is known as a geoclines The author of the Continental drift was also shot twice in WWI set an air balloon record in 1906, wrote the book the origin of the continents and oceans in 1915 and later died in 1930 expedition in greenland where his remains continue to be buried in ice. He was _____ Alfred Wegner Most of the Earths seafloor has been recycled back into the mantle T/F True The greater the distance to an earthquake epicenter, the longer time between primary and secondary waves True The San Andreas Fault is a boundary between the North American and Pacific plates, the latter presently moving northward toward the Aleutian Trench T/F True The Appalachian Mountains1. Represent the remnants of a himalayan-type mountain chain2. formed from there stages of island arc and continental collision3. were rifted, the components of which occur on both sides of the atlantic ocean4. once stretched from the baltic regions of northern Europe to west Texas 5. ALL OF THE ABOVE 5. ALL OF THE ABOVE Continental collision results in 1. a double thickness of continental crust2. the formation of unusually high mountains within the interior of a continent3. the end of subduction4. a fault suture marked by fault-bounded slabs of serpentinite 5. ALL OF THE ABOVE 5. ALL OF THE ABOVE The Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale is used to access probable damage over the region impacted by an earthquake T/F True The youngest ocean crust can be found at (MOR) The youngest oceanic crust is at the bottom of the ridge which is formed by two diverging oceanic plates. When oceanic plates diverge, or move away from one another, magma fills the space they create forming a new layer of crust. The alps formed from collision of europe with Africa Seismologists have abandoned Richter magnitudes in favor of ____ magnitudes moment magnitudes ___-waves travel the fastest and are the first to be felt during an earthquake P waves The intense ground shaking on water-saturated ground is termed liquefaction Heating the inner portions of earth resulted from the FISSION of the hydrogen atoms T/F True Planet earth had very little atmosphere at the time of its formationT/F True A rock sample from saturn, if brought back to earth, would be much heavier than any common earth rock False lighter The universe is expanding today True Edwin Hubble confirmed what theory? theory of expanding universe Mars has an atmosphere at 0.7% of that of earth and is mostly _____ CO2 Venus has an atmosphere at 90x that of the earth and is mostly ________ CO2 Galaxies have a reddish color due to the doppler effect The origin of the universe is called the big bang The universe was formed ___ years ago 13.7 billion Fuel of stars including our sun is hydrogen What is the Cambrien era and when did it begin? The beginning of life (3.8 billion years) Earth is _____ yrs old 4.6 billion Earths moon died____ years ago 4 billion Water came from commets Air came from volcanoes Oldest rock is _____ y.o. from the ___ period and can be found in _______ 4 billion, archean, Grand Canyon Heating of the inner portions of the earth resulted from the fusion of hydrogen atoms T/F False it results from radioactivity Who confirmed the expansion of the universe? Edwin Hubble meteorites brought_____ to earth metal The K-T extinction was1. caused by asteroids2. not the biggest one3. led to the age of reptiles4. led to the beginning of mammales5. occurred 66 million6. all of the above ALL OF THE ABOVE Humans on Earth:1. genus date back to 2.5 million years2. homo sapien 40, 000 years3. did not have a population about 1 billion union 1830s4. emerged during the ice age5. settled in the americans during the last 15,000 years6. All of the above All of the above Island arcs result from the convergence of two ocean platesT/F True Subduction zone earthquakes range in depth from shallow at the trench to several hundred kilometers beneath the overriding plate T/F True Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges True Rifting of Gondwanaland resulted in the formation of Laurasia and Pangea : T/F False other way around What is a fault? A fault is a crack in the earths crust resulting from moving plates Rift valley The separation of divergent plates on a continent Convergent boundary is a boundary where two separate plates are pushing into each other A volcanic hot mudflow is known as a (an) _____. lahar Island arcs result from convergence of two oceanic plates T/F True Volcanic activity of the Cascade Mountain Range of the Pacific Northwest results from continental collision T/F False A ropey type of basalt lava is termed pahoehoe Heating of the inner portions of the Earth result from fusion of Hydrogen atoms. T/F False The port town of St. Pierre, on the Caribbean island of Martinique, was destroyed by nuee ardente. T/F True Mauna Loa of Hawaii is an example of a shield volcano Hot spot volcanoes originate from the core/mantle boundary Large igneous intrusions are known as batholiths mid ocean tracks such as that of hawaii and the emperor seamount chainindicate that indicate plate mption opposite to the direction of younging of the volcanic islands and seamounts. ** A ___ is a thin, cross-cutting intrusion. dike A ___ is a thin intrusion that runs parallel or concordant to layers. sill ___ texture results from slow cooling deep in the Earth. Phaneritic ___ are frozen bubbles in a volcanic rock. vesiceles Basalts are the most fluid (least viscous) of lava flows because of their high Temperature and low Silica content. Both the Red Sea and the Gulf of California are the recent result of rifting and seafloor spreading. T/F True ___ ___ is a type of mass wasting that involves the gradual and slow downhill movement of soil. soil creep The widening of joints by expanding ice is known as frost wedging The irregular surface at the toe of a slide is termed hummocky ground. Seven indications of previous or probably landslide activity include steep slopes, soft rocks, water, loss of vegetation, dip slope conditions, prior history, or fracturing. The ___ Cycle involves the weathering of igneous rocks into sediment, forming sedimentary rocks, which with heat and pressure become metamorphic rocks, to then be melted back into igneous rocks. Rock Rhyolite is the least fluid (most viscous) form of lava because of its low Temperature and high Silica content The San Andreas Fault is a boundary between the North American and Pacific plates, the latter presently moving northward toward the Aleutian trench. T/F True The convecting zone of partial melt in the mantle is termed the asthenosphere Soil creep causes bent trees Rock debris at the bottom of a rock form is known as talus. T/F True Ocean crust melts during subduction, forming andesite magma, the dominant volcanic rock of island arcs.T/F True From high to low temp, the minerals in Bowens Reaction Series are: olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite The widening of joints by expanding ice is known as Frost Wedging Mt. St. Helens is an example of composite (strato) volcano Mass wasting that involves the downward slump of a rock unit or coherent rock material along a curved surface is slump A blocky type of basalt lava is termed aa Ocean crust melts during subduction, forming andesite magma, the dominant volcanic rock of island arcs. true A ____ volcano is primarily composed of air fall and pyroclastic basaltic material. cinder cone Japan Type of Volcano is: Convergent in sea, has a volcanic arc and is deep-sea trench Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges. T/F True Our Solar Systems great mop-up occurred 4.6 billion yrs ago Continental Shelf is the surface of a ___ ridge Wilson Cycle describes Rifting of ancient lithosphere, sea floor spreading, mid plate process, plate convergence, and THE CREATION OF NEW CRUST AND THE DEEP MANTLE (change in ages of lithosphere) large igneous rocks are known as basalts ____ results from cooling deep in earth phanoritic silica in basalt: high or low? low silica , less viscous 4 stages of rift stages upwelling rifting subduction collision Andesitic and rhyolitic eruptions tend to be explosive because of their gas content and high viscosity. T/F true The wedge of sediments accumulating off shore of a rifted continental margin is known as a geocline Heating of the inner portions of the Earth result from fusion of Hydrogen atoms. False Mauna Loa of Hawaii is an example of a Shield Volcano Fuel of Stars =Fuel of Planets + moons = hydrogenradioactive energy Volcanic explosions yield ___ texture. pyroclastic Mass wasting is not a natural form of erosion and is generally induced by the influence of humans. T/F False Valley widening primarily occurs by mass wasting subsequent to erosion by running water. T/F True Magmas rise because they have low density Universe is expanding solar system is not True Mass movement of unconsolidated fluid mixtures of rock, dirt, sand, and water is a flow The irregular surface at the toe of a slide is termed hummocky ground Basalt forms from the melting of mantle periodite Rhyolite is the least fluid (most viscous) form of lava because of its low temperature and high silica content The fluid motion of the outer core is the cause of the Earths magnetic field. T/F True As early as 1911, Alfred Wegener presented ideas about seafloor spreading. T/F True The convecting zone of partial melt in the mantle is termed aesthenosphere The difference in magnitude between earthquakes with Richter and/or moment magnitudes 2 and 5 is 1,000 Subduction zones:have the most earthquakeshave the deepest earthquakeshave the most violent volcanoesdescend to the core-mantle boundaryall of the above all of the above Early Heating of the Earth:Formed the core and mantleMelted iron and some nickelLet to the formation of the magnetic fieldOccurred soon after planetary formationAll of the above All of the above Continental collision results in:A double thickness of continental crustThe formation of unusually high mountains within the interior of a continentThe end of subductionA fault suture marked by fault-bounded slabs of serpentiniteAll of the above all of the above Plinan Eruption (2 volcanoes that do them and what it looks like) st. helenes and mt vesuvius , its a gas and pyroclastic explosion that goes high into the atmosphere a broad volcano made up sole of basalt lava flows is a ___ volcano shield What are the phanoretic equivalent of basalt andesite and rhyolite respectively gabbro, diorite, granite What is the pacific ring of fire? the aleutions Nuee Ardente is the same thing as Pyroclastic Flow (Monserrat 1996) neer ardent/pyroclastic lava does what? glows Wilson cycle? (in 3 points) rift submurge collision when you see the himalayasians topography map with red outline that means? continental collision what two places can you find cinder cone volcanos hawaii and maui a shield volcano has fluid magma flows that travel further than start volcanoes T/F True what two plate movements have shallow earthquakes? divergent and shallow pt. Fermin has block slumps T/F true Hot pot volcanoes can be found in iceland and hawaii what rocks are particular to ocean/ocean convergence? andesite/diorite what rocks are particular to ocean/plate convergence? basalt/gabro what rocks are particular to divergent plates? andesite/dioriteand rhyolite/granite what are two type of subduction zones with immense volcanoes? japan-type and andean-type Plinean vertical blast often to very high altitudes in the atmosphere, ash fall, tuffs Pelean pyroclastic flows (nuee ardente), ash flow, welded tuffs just know

Research Essay Sample on the Phenomenon of Comics

Research Essay Sample on the Phenomenon of Comics The research essay is a type of work that integrates the knowledge on a particular subject which student receives during the semester and his or her ability to analyze it and create an original vision on the issue. Besides, this type of work presents the skills to work with specific formats and literature. The standard content comprises an introduction, several body paragraphs, conclusion, and ends up with the bibliography part. ‘The Phenomenon of Comics’ Essay Sample Changes in the book formats of recent years demonstrate the period of transition of the printing publication to the multimedia space, so as the creation of alternative versions of the printed word. It also influences the changing paradigm of the readership of a particular genre of literature, creating invariance of the printed product using in various social and public spheres, combining, for example, the entertainment side of writing with learning. The harmonious combination of graphics in any manifestation and verbal accompaniment makes it possible to develop creative and logical thinking to assimilate the presented material fully. Therefore, the specific features of a book publication or a web version can be attributed to the characteristics of a comic book or the so-called graphic novel, which embodies entertaining, learning, and social functions. The Phenomenon of Comics and Its Historic-Literature Tendencies Analyzing current trends in book publishing, one can trace a specific and long-known pattern. The latter assumes attracting the reader attention with an extraordinary approach to the compilation of an upcoming book masterpiece; for example, combining non-standard genres for a particular type of publishing, using colorful illustrations, and creating well-formulated text content. Taking this into account, it is worth emphasizing that literature for children remains one of the most sought-after and challenging to compose. It has various functions, including studying, leisure, entertainment, self-development, learning languages, and the strengthening of individual skills. Such diversity imposes some unwritten â€Å"obligations† on the book publisher, namely, the creation of high quality and, importantly, an exciting print product for children, corresponding to their age group. Behind the mentioned characteristics, the comics embody a competent printing design to satisfy the curren t cognitive needs. Comics denote a series of pictures accompanied by short texts (phylacteries) framed in the shape of a cloud and transmitting the thought or speech of a character, which together implies a coherent story. In fact, the comic book represents a literary and artistic work consisting of a series of drawings and verbal constructions. In various countries, the comics have acquired its specificity and name based on the cultural heritage of the region: manga in Japan, fumetto (drawn stories) in Italy, and drawn strips or BD (bande dessinà ©e) in France and Belgium. Also, the type adherence of the comics is influenced by its volumes: large-scale drawn stories pertain to the graphic novels, while the short stories are called stripes. There are comics without verbal accompaniment, the so-called â€Å"silent comics,† in which the narration is conducted only with the help of a drawing. Despite such a variety of comics, its components in the form of a book edition remain unchanged: The cover with the title, authors, and picture of the main character consists of two sheets: front and back; Frontispiece drawing: an introduction to the comic book; Title page: a brief introduction, information about the authors and artists; Central part: standard from twenty to forty pages, but depending on the type (for example, a graphic novel) there may be a greater or an unlimited number of pages; Pin-Up Page: additions to the comic book, often alternative coverage options. An analysis of publications on this topic has shown that comics are viewed as a historical, social, and cultural phenomenon or a form of language learning and the basis for countless movies during the past decades. It should be remarked that the question of the study of comics as a genre of literature has not been sufficiently considered, despite the recent increase in popularity among readers of all ages, and especially among the younger generation. It was the impetus for the introduction of the comic book into practical activity in socially critical spheres, despite the primary entertainment function of this genre of literature. Like any cultural phenomenon, the comics have its history and an extensive period of the emergence of graphics and later book art in the world culture. The rock art, murals, and popular prints (the technique of woodcuts, engravings on copper; image with a signature, characterized by simplicity and accessibility of images) could be considered as the progenitors of the comic books. The comics were first published by William Hogarth, the English painter and founder of the socio-critical trend in European art that managed to create a dramatic story via drawing in the eighteenth century. Additionally, Hogarth introduced the concept of seriality in the comics. Besides, the first sample of this graphic prose belongs to Thomas Rowlandson that created a series of comics about the adventures of Dr. Syntax (1812-1821), attracting significant attention of the audience. However, Geneva teacher, graphic artist, and novelist Rodolphe Tà ¶pffer is considered the first author working in the form of modern comics. Topfer created history in prints for his students in the design of an album of drawings (1830-1846) for better assimilation of educational material about the adventures of Mr. Jabot and Mr. Crepin (Walkley 106). It was a bright start for the genre. The Comics Evolvement into a Special Cultural Genre The succeeding stage in the spread of the comics is inextricably linked with the U.S. publishing business of the late nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. Jimmy Swinnerton, the contributor of the prestigious American magazine The San Francisco Examiner, included â€Å"The Little Bears† story in the 1892 edition, which later became the first American comic strip. Subsequently, the editors of the issue started to collaborate with many talented artists, making comics its main trump card to attract readers: on the pages of daily and Sunday newspapers there began to appear stories about a little boy in a yellow suit (by Richard Outcault) which compiled a series called Hogan’s Alley (McAllister, Sewell Jr, and Gordon 1). Admitting the popularity of the comics, the chief publisher William R. Hearst has decided to change the printing technology to increase the number of colored pages with the comics. The subsequent stages of the development of the comics as an independent genre can be briefly described as follows: The Golden Age (1930-1950): the first steps in the progress of graphic novels, the founding of DC Comics, the transition from humorous stories to superheroic epic and narration of new world, namely the creation of such characters as Superman, Batman, and Captain America as a means of maintaining the spirit during the military conflicts; Silver Age (from the 1950s to 1970s): the appearance of the new Flash character; the active work of the Marvel company in the face of Stan Lee, Steve Ditko, and Jack Kirby who created famous comic book heroes of all times Fantastic Four, X-Men, Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, and Spider-Man; Bronze Age (from the 1970s to 1985): the comic book plots are becoming more realistic for the adult audience of readers, referring to the current social problems such as bad habits and nature conservation; the death of Gwen Stacy (the beloved one of Spider-Man) as the main event of this period; Modern Century (middle of the 1980s till present): the saturation of realistic dark scenes, the emergence of more anti-heroes, the increased popularity of Asian comics genres. The latter include Japanese manga, Chinese manhua, and Korean manhwa in connection with numerous manga film versions in the form of anime (Japanese multiplication genre). The period also includes the emergence of webcomics and publications on the Internet, the establishing of the basis of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) as the screen version of the famous comic book series (Yockey 225). It is worth noting that in the twentieth and twenty-first-century the comics grew into a massive tree of genre illuminations, being adjacent with the fiction on the publishing market regarding its structure. Here fantasy, mysticism, romance, and the adventures of superheroes coexist and imply a multidimensional space for the artistic imaginations and the next plot decisions. The Visual-Functional Potential of Comics in Social-Pedagogical Sphere Despite the uniformity in the design and composition of the main elements of the publication but multidimensional thematic differences of comics, the synthesis of narration and graphics remains unchanged. It gives reliable support and variability of the use of this literary genre in various fields, primarily pedagogy, philology, and social-pedagogical activity. Children’s perception and understanding of reality are different from an adult’s version, so teachers try to provide educational material as clearly as possible taking into account the characteristics of the child’s psyche, particularly the lack of skills to fix attention. Visualization and figurativeness of comics make it possible to concentrate attention, to convey the necessary material as concisely and structurally as possible. In particular, this approach is productively implemented in the teaching of foreign languages. Furthermore, it is possible to put forward the assumption that comics can be practiced in English lessons in elementary school as a means of teaching under certain conditions. The main argument in favor of this thesis is compliance with the interests and mental characteristics of children of primary school age. Its application can be an effective means of forming the mechanisms of English speech in students (especially if it is not the first language), providing that the specific features of their mental development and psyche are taken into account. Considering not only the visual potential of the comics in pedagogy, but also its informational content, the French comic series Asterix designates one of the best examples that focus on building syntax, using original dialogues, copyright recitatives, and specially simplified construction of words in offers. The pattern of this series shows the whole range of possibilities of the comics as an additional tool in learning a foreign langua ge at the elementary level. The Connection between Comics and Cinema Comics were initially conceived as an entertaining genre, but despite this fact, it began to be used in various fields of activity as a vivid example to motivate the solution of socially significant problems. The socio-pedagogical movement has an extensive area of work with the use of multiple methods and techniques. At the same time, the cultural function of comics in relation to the cinema genre could not be ignored. The unconditional link â€Å"cinema-comics† is visible to the audience. The comics became the basis for creating a particular type of films. For sure, the meeting of cinema with comics was inevitable due to genetic relatedness. The anatomical outline of a comic book is nothing more than a director’s storyboard; the pairing of characters, the dialogue duel and the open finale, which implies seriality, are all composite signs of the comics. Such a complementarity of the two genres of art confirms the narrative nature of the comic book, makes it possible to use it in its activities fully. For example, teachers of literature, using screen versions of literary works as an innovative technology in pedagogy, can show the invariance of the presentation of the masterpieces of world literature. Throughout its long history, the comics have experienced multiple transformations from primitive paintings to full-fledged forms of art, printing, and ultimately cinematography. The way to improve the form and content coincided with the needs of society for almost two hundred years. Initially, comics were considered as entertainment for the masses, a way of raising the spirit and agitation. Eventually, its real potential was recognized as a vivid example in the activities of such fields as pedagogy and social movement, taking forms of applications for the benefit of children’s comprehensive development. Overall, the comics can be attributed to the literature for any age, but preferably children. The potential of the comics is impossible to be delineated with boundaries, and in the future, it will be used in ascending progress as in graphic print form and movies. The present research essay sample covers one of the most current and popular subjects the history of the comics genre. It implies all the parts essential for the mentioned academic form of work. Also, there is presented an analytical view on the subject past, present, and future potential for not merely entertaining but educational purpose. Thus, choosing popular research essay topics, following the format instructions and utilization of the scholarly literature is a secret to the excellent quality of research essay. Hope this sample gives useful guidance on how to write the highest mark paper. McAllister, Matthew P., Edward H. Sewell Jr, and Ian Gordon. â€Å"Introducing Comics and Ideology.† Comics and Ideology (2001): 1-13. Walkley, Maxwell. â€Å"Rodolphe Tà ¶pffer (1799-1846): A Swiss Satirist of French Society and Culture.† Arts: The Journal of the Sydney University Arts Association 20 (2012): 106-122. Yockey, Matt, ed. Make Ours Marvel: Media Convergence and a Comics Universe. University of Texas Press, 2017.

Summary and opinion on each article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summary and opinion on each article - Essay Example Everything happening in this world has the cause and effect, and if a human being fails to understand it, it is the failure of the human being, not of the eternal system. As Camus reveals through Sisyphus, the acknowledgement of and rebellion against the Absurd, the exercise of free will in self-investment in the performance of life to find intrinsic meaning, despite the incomprehensibility of the world, is to live well. A human being is just a dot in this world. The world cannot run as per the desire of an individual nor the group of individuals. Everything happens in this world as it should. What is important is the process of living, and not complaining about the so-called absurdities. For example, the lotus is born in slush and mud; lives in it, and when in bloom enthralls the viewer. It does not complain, nor does it think of committing suicide. Why complain about the thorns? Think of the beauty and fragrance of the roses. One should not complain about one’s fundamental r elationship with the world. The world cannot run on happiness. ... It is a process that can be experienced instantly and the authentic process of living begins after that experience. One cannot say that the ocean is absurd because there are waves. Waves are the very nature of the ocean and one need to tackle the waves and do the swimming. Similarly, the fulfillment and non-fulfillment of one’s desire is part of the eternal function of nature. So, to invite crisis with the feeling of absurdity is a meaningless exercise. Camus describes â€Å"Suicide like the leap, is an acceptance at its extreme.†(435. n. p.) and art of living is the state exactly opposite to it. Nevertheless, finding the meaning of human existence cannot be a time bound program. Suicide is termination of life; as such it has no meaning. It is the domain of the coward. Suicide is a futile exercise, because one arrives in this world, without taking permission, and one cannot leave it without being permitted. Suffering is not useless; it is the process of renewal of human existence and part of the eternal struggle. Finally, Camus reveals the limitations of Absurd. Participation in action of life to find its true and full meaning is better than renunciation of action. The world is perfect and incomprehensibility is in the state of our mind. The human life is worth living, notwithstanding its trials and tribulations. Moral Luck -- Thomas Nagel What you do is important; but how you do what you do is more important. Thomas Nagel’s â€Å"Moral Luck,† concerns the second part of this sentence. No one knows the level of perfect morals (discipline) in life. As such carry on with the available discipline and perform actions to the best of one’s ability and judgment. Nagel discusses the issue of moral assessment. He